Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS
Photovoltaic systems are expected to generate electricity reliably for decades. But how do the materials used in these systems change after years of exposure to sunlight, heat, cold, wind, and moisture? And can this lead to the release of nano- or microplastic particles? These are the questions being addressed by the research project “PV-MiPLAS” at the Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS in Halle (Saale). The project's goal is to identify potential nano- and microplastic emissions from photovoltaic systems at an early stage, assess them scientifically, and, where possible, minimize them.
Photovoltaic systems consist of a wide range of materials, including polymers used in films, seals, cables, and other components. Throughout the service life of a system, these materials are exposed to various stresses. Environmental influences such as UV radiation, heat, cold, wind, and moisture can trigger ageing processes and alter material properties. However, the impact of these processes on the potential release of nano- and microplastics remains difficult to assess.
This is where PV-MiPLAS comes in. The project focuses on developing new testing methods that enable the investigation of the ageing behavior of relevant materials under realistic operating conditions. These methods are intended to provide early indications of whether, and under which conditions, a material may contribute to the release of nano- or microplastics. In addition, the project team is examining typical materials and components used in photovoltaic systems to establish a scientifically sound data basis.
"To date, no established standard tests exist. The methods to be developed are intended to enable rapid and reliable risk assessment, thereby supporting planning and investment decisions in the expansion of photovoltaics," says Dr. Marko Turek of Fraunhofer IMWS.
The project team is pursuing several objectives. First, it aims to gain a better understanding of which materials and components may potentially contribute to nano- and microplastic emissions. To achieve this, accelerated material tests will be developed to assess potential risks more quickly than conventional long-term studies. Ultimately, these efforts will lead to a standardized assessment methodology that allows different materials and components to be compared.
The project results are expected to benefit manufacturers, project developers, and photovoltaic system operators alike. They will gain access to scientifically validated tools that help evaluate the environmental compatibility of materials during the selection and planning stages. Potentially problematic materials could thus be identified early, enabling the consideration of suitable alternatives. At the same time, potential environmental impacts and the resulting follow-up costs, for example for remediation or cleaning measures, may be reduced.
In the long term, PV-MiPLAS aims to make photovoltaics even more sustainable. Improved understanding of material ageing and standardized methods for assessing potential nano- and microplastic emissions can help identify and minimize environmental risks at an early stage. In this way, the project contributes to ensuring that solar energy remains a safe, resource-efficient, and sustainable key technology for the energy transition in the years to come.
(October 20, 2026)