Oral Microbiology

Biofilms in the Oral Cavity – Turning Complex Challenges into Innovative Solutions

Microbial biofilms are at the heart of oral health – and one of its greatest challenges. They play a decisive role in the development of dental caries and periodontitis, and are increasingly associated with systemic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and rheumatoid arthritis.

What makes biofilms particularly difficult to manage is their remarkable stability and resistance. This creates significant hurdles not only for daily oral hygiene but also for the development of truly effective personal and oral care products.

To address these challenges, the industry needs more than standard testing – it needs scientifically robust, application-oriented methods that deliver reliable, real-world insights. Accurate evaluation of active ingredients, materials, and formulations is key to creating the next generation of high-performance products.

 

Our Expertise at Fraunhofer IMWS – Driving Innovation in Personal and Oral Care

Fraunhofer IMWS supports companies in the personal and oral care industries in developing and evaluating innovative active ingredients, materials, and application concepts. A key focus of our work is to investigate microbial biofilms and their interactions with products and surfaces.

In addition to established methods for antimicrobial efficacy testing, we develop and validate application-oriented in vitro biofilm models. In close collaboration with our industry partners, we create tailored, application-specific test systems that enable reliable and scientifically sound evaluation of product performance under controlled laboratory conditions.

As an interdisciplinary materials science institute, we offer a broad portfolio of advanced methods for the detailed characterization of biofilms and biofilm-covered surfaces. Using state-of-the-art analytical techniques – including electron microscopy (SEM/STEM/TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy – we deliver precise insights into biofilm structure, adhesion, and dynamics.

This expertise provides the scientific foundation for targeted, efficient product development, helping you bring high-performance solutions to market with confidence.

 

Antimicrobial Active Ingredient Testing

We assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents under realistic, validated conditions, helping you make confident development decisions.

Biofilm Models

We assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents under realistic, validated conditions, helping you make confident development decisions.

Biological Surface Analysis

We characterize biofilm-colonized surfaces at the cellular and molecular levels using high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopic methods.

Antimicrobial Surfaces

We develop and evaluate methods for the antimicrobial functionalization of dental materials.

Research on biofilms in the oral cavity makes crucial contributions to the prevention of dental caries, enables new therapeutic approaches to periodontal disease, and supports the long-term optimization of the oral microbiome. Understanding the structure and function of oral biofilms also plays a vital role in combating antibiotic resistance. The development of biocompatible materials less susceptible to biofilm formation, a precise understanding of the interactions between biofilms and various materials, the testing of active ingredients, and the targeted modification of surfaces to prevent biofilm formation thus make significant contributions to improving overall oral health.

Antimicrobial testing in suspension

  • Quantitative suspension test based on DIN EN 1276
  • Inhibition zone test (agar diffusion) based on DIN EN 20645
  • Quantification of viable cell counts via CFU counts on selective culture media
  • Development and validation of customized testing procedures according to customer requirements

Application-oriented in vitro biofilm models

  • Biofilm-based staining models
  • Monospecies models for antimicrobial testing
  • Development and validation of application-specific multispecies models according to customer requirements
  • Dental calculus model (currently under development)

Microbiological Functional Analysis

  • Dual staining for cell viability (e.g., LIVE/DEAD staining)
  • Quantitative biomass determination (e.g., crystal violet assay)
  • ATP assay for determining metabolic activity
  • Glutathione assay for detecting oxidative stress

Characterization of biofilms and surfaces using imaging and spectroscopic methods

  • Fluorescence microscopy (including confocal)
  • Scanning electron microscopy
  • FTIR spectroscopy